71 - Nine-Point Circle with Negative Numbers

VEDIC MATHEMATICS NEWSLETTER

ISSUE No. 71

A warm welcome to our new subscribers.
Vedic Mathematics is becoming increasingly popular as more and more people are introduced to the beautifully unified and easy Vedic methods. The purpose of this Newsletter is to provide information about developments in education and research and books, articles, courses, talks etc., and also to bring together those working with Vedic Mathematics. If you are working with Vedic Mathematics - teaching it or doing research - please contact us and let us include you and some description of your work in the Newsletter. Perhaps you would like to submit an article for inclusion in a later issue or tell us about a course or talk you will be giving or have given. If you are learning Vedic Maths, let us know how you are getting on and what you think of this system.

This issue's article is by Dr Kamal N Rauniar, who is an educator, speaker, writer on Hinduism and a keen Community worker. He regularly organises as well as lectures on aspects of Hindu Dharma & Philosophy at various institutions of learning. Whilst continuing to be a student of Vedanta & Sanskrit, he is an ardent promoter of Vegetarianism and Spirituality. Dr. Rauniar writes about the 9-point circle which was the subject of the main article in Newsletter 8, ten years ago.

 

NINE-POINT CIRCLE WITH NEGATIVE NUMBERS

Concepts used: Nine-Point Circle, Digit Sum and Vinculum or Bar Numbers.
The Nine-Point Circle (NPC - Fig.1) is an amazing tool to assign an "address" to every natural number in the universe through "Digit Sum" (DS) concept! DS is also known as "Digital Root" or, "Beejank", in Sanskrit. A DS of a number is found by adding all the digits of that number and, if the resulting number has more than one digit, then repeating the process until only one digit (0 to 9) is left. Thus every number has a "home" in the universal concept of natural numbers in NPC of Vedic mathematics. But so far, only positive integers have been used extensively in the NPC. I propose herewith full integration of bar or negative digits in the NPC. The advantage of doing so becomes quite clear when one is operating with Vinculum or bar numbers, in particular, to "quick-check" the answer, after converting a number into a vinculum.

Fig. 1 Normal NPC Fig. 2 Proposed new NPC

DS has been abundantly used to quick-check the results of many mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction etc. But when we are operating with vinculum or bar numbers, then, sometimes we get stuck because the DS of a subtraction operation or of a vinculum could be a bar digit. To circumvent this problem, we have introduced bar digits to NPC. The schematic is shown in Fig.2. Let it be noted that the in NPC, the positive digits increase in clockwise direction starting from 0, 1 etc to 9. (For DS, 9 is equivalent to 0). But for negative digits, starting from 0 we, logically, move in the anti-clockwise direction (similar to + and - directions of x-axis for numbers). Now this modified NPC immediately suggests that for the purpose of DS, 8 & -1, 7 & -2, etc are equivalent. Finally, 9, 0 & -9 are also equivalent. Now, let's look at two examples:

Subtraction

    24 ....................DS = 6
    -16 ...................DS = -7
    = 8 ' DS = 8 .....DS = -1 ?

    36 ....................DS = 9
    -18 ...................DS = -9
    18 ' DS = 9 .......DS = 0 ?

So are the answers wrong? Here, our improved NPC comes to our rescue and tells us that in DS domain, 8 & -1 are equivalent and so are 9 & 0! (Vide Fig. 2). So the answers to the subtractions are correct!

Vinculum or Bar Numbers

First of all, we must shed the commonly held notion that any natural number can only be expressed in one way only. Vinculum is a wonderful way of writing any natural number in many ways. Thus the number 68 can also be written as (100 - 32) or 132 (read, one, bar three, bar two). [Here, I have underscored the digits instead of putting a "bar" on the top - this is simply due to the inability of MicrosoftWord word processor]. The usefulness of vinculum has been illustrated in the reference books listed at the end of this article. Let us now look at some examples of conversion of a normal number into vinculum. In the above example,

1. DS of 68 = 5 and DS of 132 is 4

From the improved NPC we know that, for DS 5 & 4 are equivalent, therefore the answer of the conversion is correct.

2. 89 = (100 - 11) = 111 but also (90 - 1) = 91
DS of 89 is 8, DS of 111 is 1 and DS of 91 is both 8 as well as 1. Again, we know that 8 & 1 are equivalent, hence their conversion is right.

3. 168 = (170 - 2) = 172 but also (200 - 32) = 232
DS 168 = 6, DS 172 = 6 and DS 232 = 3 Again, the answers are correct.

If we make any mistakes in the conversion, DS method together with the improved NPC would immediately flag the mistake up!

The readers must have noticed by now that in DS domain, a positive digit is equivalent to its "bar number complement" of number 9!

Addition of Vinculum

1. ...2 3 4 3 ...DS = 2 ..................................2. 2 3 0 1 2 ...DS = 2
.......1 2 3 4 ...DS = 0 ......................................3 3 2 2 4 ...DS = 4
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Sum 3 1 7 1 ..DS = 2 ...............................Sum 5 6 2 1 6 ...DS = 6

Readers may like to verify this "quick results checking method" in multiplication and division of vinculum numbers!

With vinculum method one can convert any number to contain only numbers 5 or less as suggested by Dr Padiyar. This makes any mathematical operation even easier and is thus greatly enjoyed by the children!

References:
1. Vedic Mathematics : Jagadguru Swami Sri Bharati Krishna Tirthaji Maharaj; Motilal Banarsidass ISBN : 0-89581-416-1
2. The Cosmic Computer : Kenneth Williams & Mark Gaskell; Inspiration books ISBN 0 9531782 0 X
3. Vedic Mathematics - Maths With Joy : Dr S N Padiyar; Sindhu Prakashana ISBN 81 - 904059 - 5 - 0
4. Vedic Mathematics for Schools Book 2 : J T Glover; Motilal Banarsidass ISBN : 81-208-1670-6

Email:

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NEWS

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QUESTION FROM DENNIS BRAMWELL

Win Powell sent me an email a while back which asked if you could divide 6104179 by 6913 in less than 12 seconds. Well, I said never. However it stuck in my mind and yesterday I decided to look at it. To my surprise I got 883 very quickly and my calculator confirmed it. I am interested in different ways of doing this. This is the way I did it.
I assumed the answer was a whole number.
It is clearly a 3 figure number.
Since 6913 is near 7000 by dividing, the first digit must be 8.
The units digit must be 3 by looking at the units digits in the question.
To get the middle digit I looked at digit sums.
The digit sum of 6104179 is 1.
The digit sum of 6913 is 1.
So the digit sum of the answer is 1, and so the middle digit must be 8.
Answer 883
If you know of a different way please let me know.

Please send your suggestions to us at

THE GAME OF MATHEMATICS BY RICK BLUM

When my son Adam was in 7th grade, I was asked to come to his class and talk about Mathematics. At this point in their school careers, most of the students already found math to be very boring, difficult to understand and would opt out of the class if they could. Knowing this, I was going to try to see if I could ignite an interest in math that had already been extinguished probably years before, if it even ever existed. In order to do this, I felt that I would need to provide these students with a plausible explanation as to why they currently felt this way about math (and that it wasn't their fault) as well as something "mathematical" that they could get excited about.

I began my talk with first drawing a big circle on the blackboard and wrote "Mathematics" inside if it. From this circle, I drew lines to other circles labeling them "Algebra", "Geometry" and "Trigonometry." I then asked the students how many of them liked to play video games. Of course, every hand in the class went up. I told them that I liked to play video games too. The only problem I had was learning all of the different key combinations before I could play the game. Sometimes, there were so many key combinations that it took quite a long time to "learn the rules" before I could "play the game." I found learning all of these rules very boring. I realized that once I could apply the rules, I would have a great time playing the game. Over time, I enjoyed playing the game even more as I was getting better at applying the rules. They all agreed that it was the same for them.

At this point, I switched their attention from video games to mathematics. It was explained to them, much to the chagrin of their teacher, that learning the rules of each different area of math was admittedly boring. The problem was that, once they learned the rules and were "ready to play the game," they went to another area of math and learned the boring rules for it. They were never told about the "games" they could play. As an aside, I felt that this process would be continued until they got out of high school and were thoroughly disgusted with math. I now had their attention with them wondering what "games" was I talking about. I chose the circle labeled "Geometry" and drew two additional circles out of it labeled "Fractal Geometry" and "Topology." I explained to them with the rules of geometry, they could play the game of "Fractal Geometry." By playing this game, they could produce incredible computer generated pictures that would touch their imaginations and "ignite" their interest in wanting to explore this "game" even more. I printed out several fractal designs for them to see. This significantly gained their interest. These prints were passed around the class with the result being everyone wanting to know how to generate pictures like these themselves.

I then touched on the game of "Topology". I asked them if they had ever seen a piece of paper with only one-side (i.e., Mobius Strip) or could imagine a bottle with no inside and no outside (i.e., Klein's Bottle). Everyone in the class got excited debating exactly how these "games" could be played. By the end of the class, I had handed out all of the fractal pictures I had printed and supplied them with internet links where they could go to find out more about Mobius Strips and Klein's Bottle. There definitely was a sense of excitement about discovering more about Mathematics, in general, and Fractal Geometry and Topology, specially. I think, on that day, I changed their minds a little bit about their thinking about math as being boring to math being a "game" to be explored and enjoyed.

RESEARCH PAPER

Here is the link to a research paper by Ajinkya Kale, Shaunak Vaidya, Ashish Joglekar which shows a multiplication algorithm involving repeated applications of the Nikhilam multiplication method.

https://sites.google.com/site/ajinkyagkale/research/undergraduate-research/A_Generalized_Recursive_Algorithm_for_Binary_Multiplication_based_on_Vedic_Mathematics.pdf?attredirects=0&d=1

FROM THE KUCHNAYA - MATHS TEAM

Please feel free to include it in your next newsletter. We are still in beta release, hopefully in the coming couple of months we can have a finished product.

Also any feedback and review from your side is more than welcomed ().

Please also note you can change the numbers to do calculations of your choice. (Please See Home - page instruction for details)

Home Page : http://maths.kuchnaya.com/

Some Examples:
General Division. 87108 / 84 : http://maths.kuchnaya.com/WebMaths.html#87108:/:84:en:0~n
Divide Any Number By 9 : http://maths.kuchnaya.com/WebMaths.html#12302:/:9:en:0~n
Multiply any number by Eleven : http://maths.kuchnaya.com/WebMaths.html#23:x:11:en:0~gl:99999:11

NEW INITIATIVE FROM PROF. BRIAN McENERY

Launch of Language Core Programming Educational Initiative.
West Cork Hotel, Skibbereen, Co. Cork, Ireland.
19.30, Jan 12th, 2011

This is a new development in relation to computation which will include aspects of Simple Sums, Vedic Mathematics and Gaelic knowledge. The aim of this initiative is to develop an integrated approach to teaching computation and language in all the languages of the Earth. Already certain techniques have been adapted, in an informal sense to more than 200 languages, and this development aims to introduce a more systematic approach. It is very important that computation is adapted properly, naturally and respectfully into the Mother Tongue of all groups on Earth. This dissolves the type of cultural imperialism which is being promoted by information technology companies. An off shoot of this project will promote the development of knowledge and technology to allow for the creation of software systems so that computer software can be written in any language on Earth, in such a way that it will run on any computer on Earth. A precursor to this ability was already created in relation to the Irish language more that 10 years ago. However we start very simply, by just building libraries of computational words and concepts in relation to arithmetic, vedic mathematics, and some simple comprehensions in relation to the computational knowledge enfolded within every Mother Tongue on Earth.

Link: https://sites.google.com/site/languagecoreprogramming/

SQUARING HEXADECIMAL NUMBERS by Alex Greene

The method for squaring numbers that end in 5 applies also for squaring hexadecimal numbers, but the final digit is not 5. It's 8. I posted an article about this on one of my blogs lately - http://fiat-knox.livejournal.com/878936.html.

RESEARCH IN VEDIC MATHS

Following the request in the previous newsletter the 'researchers' page is now updated, with more to be added soon. See: http://www.vedicmaths.org/Community/Research/research.asp

TUTOR NEEDED IN OR NEAR ST ALBANS, UK

Looking for a good Vedic maths tutor for limited time or on-going to present maths in an interesting and simple way to my son . He is 5 but at least 2 and half years advanced in maths . He has a natural ability for the subject and I want to encourage it by presenting it in a nice way.
Dr Radhika Ramkumar
Email:

DUPLEX AND TRIPLETS MULTIPLIED BY 12 - 19

I. 22 X 13

(a) when duplex number is multiplied by 12-19, then take any one figure of the multiplicand and multiply with the multiplier. The product can be written as
22 X 13 = 2 __ 6. Give one space in between since it is a duplex number.
(b) Now add the corner numbers ( 2 + 6 ) and write in the middle.
(c) So the answer is 286.

II. 333 X 15

(a) when triplet number is multiplied by 12-19, then take any one figure of the
multiplicand and multiply with the multiplier. The product can be written as
333 X 15 = 4 _ _ 5. Give two space in between since it is a triplet number.
(b) Now add the corner numbers (4 + 5 ) and write in the middle.
(c) So the answer is 4995.

III. 66 X 19.

(a) When the product is a 3 digit number when you multiply one figure of multiplicand with the multiplier then , 6 X 19 = 114. write this number as usual giving a space. 11 _ 4.
(b) Now add the corner numbers ( 11 + 4 ) and write only the units digit in the space and add the excess digit to the left side number.
(c) So the answer is 1254.

This rule is applicable for triplets numbers also. Write only the units digit in the space and always add the excess digit to the left side number.

R. Sujaritha.
Muscat.
e-mail id;
Contact ; Gsm no. 00968-96568599.

VM TUTOR, UNITED STATES, FLORIDA

Mr. Richard Blum

Phone Number: (386) 672-4853

I have been a teacher of Vedic Math for over 10 years. I am also the moderator of the largest Vedic Math special interest group in the world numbering almost 40,000 participants. Through workshops and lectures, I have been trying to spread the merits of VM throughout the United States. I am available to do 4-6 hour workshops both in person and on-line through Skype for all of you who want to discover a better way to learn math for you and your children.

VM TUTOR, NEPAL

I am teaching Vedic Mathematics since 2000, and if you would like to learn Vedic Mathematics Please contact me at the following address

Jayanta Acharya

www.aimnepal.com.np
P.O.Box 12947, Kathmandu, Nepal

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Your comments about this Newsletter are invited.
If you would like to send us details about your work or submit an article or details about a course/talk etc. for inclusion, please let us know on

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Please pass a copy of this Newsletter on to anyone you think may be interested.

Editor: Kenneth Williams

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16th November 2010

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